// REPRODUCIMOS ¡¡ : All federally funded research in the US will be free to read,...-- Today we discover the first unambiguous evidence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of an exoplanet. Plus, we hear big news about open access to federally funded research in the United States and learn about depression treatments on the horizon.

 

// REPRODUCIMOS ¡¡ : All federally funded research in the US will be free to read,...-- Today we discover the first unambiguous evidence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of an exoplanet. Plus, we hear big news about open access to federally funded research in the United States and learn about depression treatments on the horizon //.

A.- : All federally funded research in the US will be free to read

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View this email in your browser Tuesday 30 August 2022

Hello Nature readers, Today we discover the first unambiguous evidence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of an exoplanet. Plus, we hear big news about open access to federally funded research in the United States and learn about depression treatments on the horizon.

The plotted data that led to the discovery lack the lustre of Webb’s previous images — which showed galaxies locked in a cosmic dance and radiant clouds in a stellar nursery — but they still prompted Jessie Christiansen, an astronomer at the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute at Caltech in Pasadena, to describe them as “gorgeous”. (NASA, ESA, CSA, Leah Hustak (STScI), Joseph Olmsted (STScI))

First CO2 seen on exoplanet The James Webb Space Telescope has captured the first unambiguous evidence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet outside the Solar System. The telescope gleaned information about the composition of the gas giant WASP-39b as it moved across the face of its star. Starlight shone through the planet’s atmosphere, where various molecules absorbed specific wavelengths of infrared light, creating the telltale absorption spectrum in the image above. “We’ve had hints of it before, but this is the first time it’s really been a ‘punch in the face’ kind of detection,” says astronomer Jessie Christiansen. The result has bolstered confidence that Webb is going to be revolutionary for exoplanet research. Nature | 5 min read Reference: arXiv preprint

US reveals big changes to open-access policy US research agencies will have to make the results of all federally funded research free to read in public repositories as soon as they are published. The policy change — to be implemented by the end of 2025, if not sooner — is a shift from current regulations that apply to only the largest funding agencies and permit a delay of up to a year before papers must be posted outside paywalls. The policy does not insist that federally funded papers be free to read in scientific journals. But it’s still “a game changer for scholarly publishing”, says Johan Rooryck, the executive director of cOAlition S, the group of funders behind Plan S, a similar move in Europe. “This will help accelerate the momentum toward flipping the system to where journals are fully open access,” says Lisa Hinchliffe, a librarian at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Nature | 6 min read

Vaccines slash risk of spreading Omicron People infected with the Omicron variant are less likely to spread the virus if they have been vaccinated or have had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. A study in US prisons, which has not yet been peer reviewed, found that vaccination and previous infection both reduced the likelihood of a person infecting their close contacts — in this case, cellmates. Having had both was best: among individuals with COVID-19, those who had been both vaccinated and previously infected were 41% less likely to pass on the virus than unvaccinated individuals without a previous infection. Nature | 4 min read Reference: medRxiv preprint

Array catches split-second astronomy An array of 38 small telescopes will soon capture second-by-second changes in the stars above the Appalachian Mountains — creating movies, in real time, of transient events in a patch of the sky 1,700 times the size of the Moon. The developers of the Argus Array Pathfinder hope it will lead the way for an even larger array of 900 telescopes. They could monitor the entire visible night sky for short-lived or quickly changing events, such as exploding stars, mergers of neutron stars, or even the brief blinking out of stars as the mysterious Planet 9 — a hypothetical planet at the edge of our Solar System — passes in front of them. Science | 5 min read

Features & opinion

Political savvy is key to US climate efforts One reason why the United States historically failed to make climate change a political priority is because its effects mostly made the weather nicer there, says Megan Mullin, who has studied US climate politics for more than a decade. Political acumen, not public pressure, drove the success of a milestone climate bill signed into law in August, she argues. Now a period of extreme wildfires, drought, flooding and heatwaves means that “people in the United States are just waking up to the severity of the problem they helped to create”. As the US faces the challenge of climate adaptation, understanding political feasibility and political behaviour will be key, she writes. Nature | 5 min read Reference: Nature paper (from 2016) & the related News & Views article (Nature paywall)

Outlook (Illustration: Kim Salt) Depression: new treatments, new hope Biological factors that might contribute to clinical depression are coming into light. One increasingly supported theory is that depression is linked to a slowing of nerve growth — so measures that encourage neuron formation could help to stave off the condition. Obesity is both a cause and a consequence of depression, creating a vicious cycle. And the disruptions of ancient sleep patterns by electric lighting, smartphones and modern conveniences wreak havoc on mental health. Researchers around the world are finding links between depression and COVID-19, heart health, exercise and the use of social media. Depression rates are rising fastest in young people. The condition is also disproportionately experienced by women, because the ebb and flow of hormones during menstruation, during pregnancy, after childbirth and during menopause can trigger biochemical cascades that result in the condition. These hormonal effects are very common around the time of menopause — yet the link is still ignored by many health-care professionals. Antidepressant drugs are commonly prescribed as a treatment, but none is universally helpful. Other types of therapy are beginning to enter the scene, from psychedelic compounds such as psilocybin to implanted devices that zap the brain with pulses of electricity. Nature Outlook: Depression is an editorially independent supplement produced with the financial support of Sage Therapeutics and Biogen.

Where I work

In this photo, taken in the mountains of Duhok in Iraqi Kurdistan, geologist Abdulrahman Bamerni is extracting rock samples that can help us to understand what life looked like there just after the dinosaurs went extinct, more than 65 million years ago. “For me, this is more than just research: it’s also a way to defy the Islamist terrorist group ISIS, whose members tried to kill me,” says Bamerni. He was targeted by ISIS in 2008, while he was studying at the University of Mosul in Iraq. “The attack made me more determined than ever to carry on with science,” he says. (Nature | 3 min read) (Alice Martins for Nature)

QUOTE OF THE DAY “‘You can’t harm this,’ I wrote in an early poem, about the ocean. Oh how wrong.” Poet and essayist Kathleen Jamie mourns the Scottish sea birds that are being devastated by avian influenza H5N1, the escalation of ecological wounds and the damage to nature as a source of solace. (The London Review of Books | 8 min read)

Apologies for promising, on Friday, that Leif Penguinson’s hiding place would be revealed on Monday. It was a holiday here in the United Kingdom and there was no Briefing. Sorry to keep you waiting! On Friday, our peripatetic penguin wass relaxing on a lush riverside in Guadeloupe National Park. Did you find Leif Penguinson? When you're ready, here's the answer. Thanks for reading, Flora Graham, senior editor, Nature Briefing With contributions by Smriti Mallapaty

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